Estimation of minimal clinically important difference for quadriceps and inspiratory muscle strength in older outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study

Objective: To estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of quadriceps and inspiratory muscle strength after a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method: Eighty-five COPD patients were included. Quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (QMVC) was measured. We measured maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax), the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), the chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ) and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (mMRC). All measurements were conducted at baseline and at the end of the PRP. The MCID was calculated using anchor-based (using 6MWD, CRQ, and mMRC as possible anchor variables) and distribution-based (half standard deviation and 1.96 standard error of measurement) approaches. Changes in the five variables were compared in patients with and without changes in QMVC or PImax >MCID for each variable. Results: Sixty-nine COPD patients (age 75±6 years) were analysed. QMVC improved by 2.4 (95%CI 1.1-3.7) kgf, PImax by 5.8 (2.7-8.8) cmH₂O, 6MWD by 21 (11-32) meters and CRQ by 3.9 (1.6-6.3) points. The MCID of QMVC and PImax was 3.3-7.5 kgf and 17.2-17.6 cmH₂O, respectively. The MCID of QMVC (3.3 kgf) could differentiate individuals with significant improvement in 6MWD and PImax from those without. Conclusion: The MCID of QMVC (3.3 kgf) can identify a meaningful change in quadriceps muscle strength after a PRP. The MCID of PImax (17.2 cmH₂O) should be used with careful consideration, because the value is estimated using distributionbased method.     

硼、钾改性KX沸石上甲苯和甲醇的侧链烷基化反应

研究了硼、钾改性ＫＸ沸石催化剂的甲苯侧链烷基化反应性能。结果表明,硼和钾同时改性可显著地提高甲苯侧链烷基化反应活性,Ｈ３ＢＯ３和ＫＯＨ在催化剂样品浸渍过程中形成了不同化学计量比的碱金属硼酸盐,该硼酸盐在沸石上作为新的碱性中心而有利于醇的催化脱氢。实验发现,各样品的甲苯侧链反应产物收率与异丙醇分解产物丙酮选择性之间有较好的关联。此外,酸碱中毒试验也进一步证实碱性位在反应中起主要作用     

基于FGM(1,1)模型的河北省高新技术产业增加值预测

高新技术产业是国民经济的战略性先导产业,在综合国力竞争中起着重要的作用.利用2014年到2018年河北省高新技术产业增加值数据,运用FGM(1,1)模型,给出了河北省高新技术产业增加值的预测模型,并进行了实证研究.预测结果显示,河北省高新技术产业增加值将保持稳定增长趋势.     

基于SBM-NDEA模型的我国高专利密集度产业技术创新效率研究

本文结合以创新损耗为表征的非期望产出以及非径向的SMB-NDEA模型对我国高专利密集度产业2005-2015年的技术创新效率进行研究。实证结果表明:(1)我国9大高专利密集度产业大多能保证较高的技术创新效率并能持续创新,特别是“计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业”及“烟草制造业”长期保持接近效率前沿的高效率;(2)依照不同产业的各网络节点的效率情况可将9大产业聚类,类别内部具有相似的效率节点表征;(3)创新确认节点与经济转化节点的双重低效率会导致高专利密集产业的持续性整体低效。针对以上研究发现,本文从搭建知识产权中介服务平台以及加强技术前瞻性评估等方面为政策制定者和企业管理者提供可参考的建议。     

基于时间序列的挖掘算法在流程工业产品质量控制模型中的应用

针对目前流程工业产品质量控制采用人工检查和统计质量控制方法,缺乏产品质量预先预报以及时时调整生产过程的工艺参数存在一定困难.利用生产过程采集到的实际数据,采用基于时间序列的动态数据挖掘技术和BP神经元网络,预测产品质量和分析产品生产过程的工艺,最大限度减少不合格产品的产出,提高生产效率.根据上述理论建立流程工业数据动态质量控制平台,以中厚钢板生产过程为例,应用表明了这种方法在实际应用中的正确性和有效性.     

数学期望型水平值逼近全局最小值的方法

郑权在1978年提出的一种积分水平集算法概念性算法.由于水平集一般情况下难以求出,此算法通过Monte-Carlo随机取点来实现.本文提出了数学期望型水平值逼近全局最小值的概念性算法,它利用了相对熵主要思想,通过改变重要样本密度函数,克服了郑权算法水平集不易求得而难以求出水平值的困难.本文还给出了求全局最小值的收敛准则并证明了它的渐进收敛性.     

Granger-Causality Inference of the Existence of Unobserved Important Components in Network Analysis

Detecting causal interrelationships in multivariate systems, in terms of the Granger-causality concept, is of major interest for applications in many fields. Analyzing all the relevant components of a system is almost impossible, which contrasts with the concept of Granger causality. Not observing some components might, in turn, lead to misleading results, particularly if the missing components are the most influential and important in the system under investigation. In networks, the importance of a node depends on the number of nodes connected to this node. The degree of centrality is the most commonly used measure to identify important nodes in networks. There are two kinds of degree centrality, which are in-degree and out-degree. This manuscrpt is concerned with finding the highest out-degree among nodes to identify the most influential nodes. Inferring the existence of unobserved important components is critical in many multivariate interacting systems. The implications of such a situation are discussed in the Granger-causality framework. To this end, two of the most recent Granger-causality techniques, renormalized partial directed coherence and directed partial correlation, were employed. They were then compared in terms of their performance according to the extent to which they can infer the existence of unobserved important components. Sub-network analysis was conducted to aid these two techniques in inferring the existence of unobserved important components, which is evidenced in the results. By comparing the results of the two conducted techniques, it can be asserted that renormalized partial coherence outperforms directed partial correlation in the inference of existing unobserved important components that have not been included in the analysis. This measure of Granger causality and sub-network analysis emphasizes their ubiquitous successful applicability in such cases of the existence of hidden unobserved important components.     

进口中间品技术溢出效应影响因素分析——基于中低技术产业数据

本文采用CH模型考察进口中间品对我国中低技术产业的技术溢出效应,并将外部知识依赖程度、吸收能力、创新投入、公司规模和技术差距五个因素纳入CH基本模型,分析各因素对进口中间品技术溢出效应的影响。结果表明,不同因素对进口中间品的技术溢出存在或促进或阻碍的作用。     

中国市场行业内反转收益研究

研究我国A股市场更广泛存在的短期反转收益——月度行业内反转收益.行业内反转收益是传统的非条件反转收益在行业维度上的分解收益.非条件反转被定义为没有加入行业风格的反转策略,它是指单纯的买入基本面输家组合与卖出基本面赢家组合的反转策略.相对于非条件反转策略,行业内反转策略收益表现更加良好,甚至在高流动性,大市值股票样本中仍然能获得显著的α收益.从投资者对公开信息的反应以及订单流不平衡两个角度探究月度行业内反转收益的来源,发现行业内反转主要受到订单流不平衡的驱使,而不是由于投资者对公开信息的过度反应.     

多种记忆方法相结合提高物理化学重要公式的记忆效率*

物理化学是一门逻辑性强、公式繁多的化学基础理论课。结合列举实例,总结了联想记忆法、类比记忆法、化繁为简记忆法、归类记忆法和逻辑关联记忆法等多种方法在物理化学重要公式记忆中的应用,使学生通过应用这些方法提高记忆物理化学公式的效率。